Founded in the first century AD and occupied until at least the fourth century AD, is located in a small terrace overlooking the Ria de Alvor, environmental conditions inside, roughly midway between Lagos (Laccobriga) and Alvor (Ipses).
The architectural typology allows you to assign the ruins visible in the urban part of a villa maritima, probably built in the III-IV centuries AD, with direct access to laugh, then navigable, featuring a berth.
The domus corresponds to a residence in the mood rigorously geometric, linear, composed of three distinct bodies joined by a gallery that ran portico on the south side open to the lagoon and the sea, an architectural high-quality, paved with several compartments the mosaic.
The central body is organized around a central hexagonal impluvium with columns placed at each vertex of the hexagon, where it supported the portico covering a corridor surrounding the tank and gave access to six rectangular compartments, with function rooms sleep, with pavement covered with mosaic.
West in the body compartments are organized around a oecus-triclinium mosaic, around which a corridor communicating with other peripheral compartments, covered with mosaic. In the body spring, the divisions are organized from an axial corridor.
The absence of mosaics has led to the identification of this area as the service area domus.
The remaining components of the villa - the spa, the accommodation of the servants and other elements essential to a farm - would be spread over a large area, probably located on the platform where today stands the Quinta de Abicada and on the terraces of modern farming.
Were also identified traces of cetárias (fish salting tanks or dry cleaning), an area near the shore of the estuary, southwest of the domus and is linked by a set of corridors.
In a strategic location overlooking the sea at the confluence of the ribeira do Farelo and Senhora do Verde, was the chosen place to build a "villa". In the third century C., a wealthy Roman landowner built here easy prosperity, based on exploiting the vast resources that nature offers - seafood products in conjunction with the ground weaving a crucial complement to the future. Wine, olive oil, salt and fish, future elements of the economy and local gastronomy.
From the "villa" it is known the part corresponding to male and female rooms and the kitchen and storerooms. Its plan is unique, growing around a hexagonal lobby. It presents the form of a rectangle divided into three well-differentiated. The main body consists of five square compartments that are organized from the exterior sides of a hexagon which is defined in another smaller and concentric. To the west is another core consisting of compartments that communicate through a corridor surrounding the peristyle. This body is the "gynaeceum" space reserved for women. The spring is distinguished body of the building for barns, kitchen and slave. It is in the mosaic that lies the greatest treasure of Abicada, although the reasons are purely geometric figurations with a few stylized floral. Pelt with scrolls or interception, zone lines, concentric circles, triangles shields checkered, diamond stars, we Solomon, white tesserae running parallel to the walls, gray tesserae in diagonal symmetry, little blue flowers on a white oil. Limestone range of colors enhancing the swelling contours and shapes. The walls are made of stones joined by mortar of lime and sand. Run along the ditches, covered with "opus signinum" drivers of fresh water.
It is unknown if the real limits of the "villa" lots of rocks await systematic search, or other disperse pile up without apparent connection around the house. Stone walls that formed together with so many stories to tell. These stories can not make history, just dreaming and time travel too much material with references to the perception of feeling and thinking of those who, in a sense, we are fragments of the cultural heritage bequeathed to us.
The Roman station of the Quinta da Abicada with its polychrome mosaics of geometric motifs that constitute a point of attraction of the visit to this archaeological site, is classified as a National Monument.
sources: Ministério da Cultura and memoriaportuguesa.com
The Villa of Abicada was first discovered by Dr José Formosinho (1888 - 1969), historian and archaeologist anf founder of the Museu Regional de Lagos.
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